龙须草叶片电镜扫描样品制备方法及扫描电镜下电压选择

探讨了龙须草叶片扫描电镜样品的制备技术以及扫描电镜下电压的选择。结果表明:取叶组织直接镀金观察的效果与通过戊二醛固定经丙醇脱水后再镀金观察的效果相差不大,研究龙须草叶片结构可以用直接制片法。为了获得清晰的龙须草叶片扫描电镜图,在扫描电镜下选择用10 k V的电压为最佳。     

开沟起垄措施对植烟土壤和烟叶产值的影响

为探明烟稻轮作制度下,烟田起垄开沟对植烟土壤化学性质及烟株生长、产质量等影响,以稻茬烟田为试验平台,设置2个开沟深度[A1：浅沟（垄间开沟15cm）;A2：深沟（垄间开沟25cm）]和2个起垄时间[B1：移栽前10d起垄（常规起垄）;B2：翻耕后起垄],于2018年取样,系统分析不同处理对土壤pH、主要养分含量和烟株农艺性状、干物质积累及经济性状的影响。研究结果表明,烟株各个主要生育时期深沟+翻耕后起垄处理（A2B2）的有效叶片数、烟叶最大叶长、叶宽和株高均优于其他处理;且该处理能有效改善土壤速效养分含量,土壤pH处于优质烤烟生产要求范围;同时烟株物质生产能力强,干物质积累多,在各器官间分配合理;烤烟经济性状也表现为该处理的烟叶产量、产值及上等烟比例较高,表现较优。总之,翻耕后起垄+深开沟处理（A2B2）有利于烟株生长,提高烟株的品质,为烟叶优质适产奠定了生物学基础。     

Development and testing of a Bayesian population model for the bigeye thresher shark,Alopias superciliosus,in an area subset of the western North Pacific

A Bayesian population modelling tool integrating separable virtual population analysis, per‐recruit models and age‐structured demographic analysis was developed for the bigeye thresher Alopias superciliosus (Lowe) population in an area subset of the western North Pacific. The mortality rates for years 1989–2016 were estimated, various biological reference points and associated risks of decline were also estimated, and alternative harvest strategies for the stock were evaluated. Estimates of the posterior mean of fishing mortality for bigeye thresher shark suggest fishing pressure has been high in recent years (2011–2016). The estimated population growth rate (λ) (without fishing) obtained from age‐structured demographic model was relatively low (λ = 1.01 per year; 95% confidence intervals of 1.00 and 1.03 per year). Risk analyses revealed that only low levels of fishing pressure (10% of the current fishing pressure) over a wide range of ages could maintain a relatively low risk of population decline for bigeye threshers. Sensitivity testing indicated that the model is robust to prior specification. The developed framework could be used as an assessment tool to evaluate the risk of decline for other widely distributed pelagic shark species where insufficient catch and effort data are available.     

Year‐round natural spawning,early development,and the effects of temperature,salinity and prey density on captive ornate goby Istigobius ornatus (Rüppell, 1830) larval survival

Natural spawning, early development and larviculture of the ornate goby Istigobius ornatus in captivity were studied for the first time. I. ornatus spawned 46 times from 31 October 2013 to 31 October 2014. Fecundity ranged from 246 to 10,214 eggs per clutch, with an average hatching rate of 77.8% ± 9.9% (M ± SEM). Fertilized eggs (1.31–1.54 × 0.46–0.50 mm in diameter) were adhesive demersal and oval‐shaped. Embryonic development lasted 84 hr at 27.5 ± 0.5°C. Newly hatched larvae [2.12 ± 0.04 mm in total length (TL)] transformed to the juvenile stage completely when TL was 7.79 mm. Effects of different water temperatures (24, 28 and 32°C) and salinities (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 g/L) on per cent survivals (%) and survival activity indices (SAIs) were tested. Survival was not significantly different under different temperatures; SAIs was significantly higher at 28°C. Larvae showed the significantly higher survival and SAIs at salinities 10–30 g/L than at 35 and 40 g/L. Effect of different prey densities on survival was significantly higher in 7 days post hatch larvae fed 20 and 30 rotifers/ml. These findings could guide future programs in captive breeding technology development and commercial production of other marine ornamental gobies.     

动物医学临床教学数据库的构建与初步应用

动物医学专业不仅要求学生掌握扎实的理论知识,还需要具有丰富的临床实践经验。为了实现该目标,除了要求授课教师对专业知识融会贯通,更需要拥有大量典型的临床病例资料。以安徽农业大学动物医院和畜禽疾病诊断中心为平台,收集大量宝贵的临床病例资料和最新的临床诊疗技术,构建了动物医学临床教学数据库,使得诊疗动物种类多样化,案例信息全面化、系统化。该数据库的建成和应用,为临床教师提供了丰富的教学素材和资料,亦提升了学生的学习兴趣,促进了动物医学专业的教育教学发展。     

表达猪乳铁蛋白肽重组屎肠球菌对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响及其抗ETEC感染效果研究

本试验以表达猪乳铁蛋白肽的重组屎肠球菌（pNZ8112-PLFcin/Ef）饲喂断奶仔猪，研究其对仔猪生长性能的影响和抗产肠毒素大肠杆菌（enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli，ETEC）感染的效果。选取28日龄体重相近的健康断奶仔猪36头，随机分为3组（重组屎肠球菌组、空载体组和培养基组），每组3个重复，每个重复4头仔猪。重组屎肠球菌组和空载体组分别饲喂添加pNZ8112-PLFcin/Ef （6×10¹² CFU/kg）和pNZ8112/Ef （6×10¹² CFU/kg）的基础日粮，而培养基组饲喂含有相同体积的GM17液体培养基的基础日粮。试验期26 d。结果显示，与培养基组相比，重组屎肠球菌组断奶仔猪的平均日增重极显著提高（P<0.01）；料重比显著降低（P<0.05）；腹泻率明显降低，肠道菌群的均匀度和多样性指数均下降。为进一步探究表达猪乳铁蛋白肽的重组屎肠球菌对断奶仔猪抵抗ETEC感染的保护作用，在连续饲喂21 d后，每个重复中随机挑选1头体况相近的断奶仔猪灌服ETEC。结果发现，与培养基组相比，攻菌后重组屎肠球菌组断奶仔猪血清白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、免疫球蛋白G （IgG）含量、肠黏液中分泌型免疫球蛋白A （sIgA）水平均显著升高（P<0.05）；脾脏指数显著提高（P<0.05），但胸腺指数、肠段长度及重量则均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述，表达猪乳铁蛋白肽的重组屎肠球菌能够起到促进断奶仔猪生长及抗ETEC感染的保护作用。     

一株溶磷菌的分离鉴定及溶磷促生作用

为了提高土壤磷素利用率，为微生物磷肥开发提供高效菌种资源，采用平板分离法从荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺根际土壤分离筛选出一株溶磷能力强的真菌P-1407，对其溶磷特性、产酸特性和耐盐碱特性进行研究。结果表明，液体条件下培养10 d，菌株 P-1407对 Ca₃( PO₄)₂表现出高效的溶解能力，最大溶磷量为557 μg·mL^-1；其溶磷量和pH值变化呈显著负相关，溶磷过程中分泌的有机酸种类主要为葡萄糖酸、草酸及甲酸；在高浓度 NaCl 和较高的pH值条件下仍保持较高的溶磷能力；结合培养性状、显微形态特征和ITS rDNA序列分析，鉴定菌株P-1407为草酸青霉（Penicillium oxalicum）；盆栽试验表明，P-1407菌株对番茄的促生作用较对照显著提高，番茄种子发芽率提高了2.53%，番茄植株的株高、根长、地上部鲜重、地上部干重、地下部鲜重和地下部干重分别增加了109.27%、78.41%、82.95%、121.69%、94.74%和64.71%。因此，P-1407是一株展现良好应用前景的高效溶磷菌种，有望为土壤的改良和生物菌肥的开发提供种质资源。     

分析三种常见剂型农药在园艺生产中的应用

在园艺生产中,一般采用喷洒农药来防治病虫害.农药原药或原液一般情况下不能直接使用,要在一定使用工艺条件下,经过加工配制,才能应用到实际园艺生产中,这种经过处理的农药产品就叫做制剂.运用喷洒农药时要选择合适的剂型和恰当的喷洒方式才能发挥农药的作用.基于此,笔者着重介绍三种常见剂型农药在园艺生产中的应用注意要点.     

基于单片机技术和蓝牙技术的新型智能空调

一部家电配有一个遥控器的模式普遍存在,但经常因为到处找不到遥控器而导致家电无法使用的情况给人们生活带来很多不便,针对这一情况,以家电空调为例,使用手机"蓝牙串口"APP控制蓝牙模块,以单片机为媒介,利用DS18B20温度传感器采集温度,与预设温度进行对比来自动调节温度.STC15F2K60S2单片机通过DS18B20采集温度信号,处理后将温度值与上位机(手机)设定值作比较.单片机控制空调的工作,并且通过蓝牙传给上位机显示当前温度.